Diagnostic utility of fine-needle aspiration cytology in syphilitic lymphadenitis: A case report.

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection that causes serious health problems without treatment. Detection of syphilis is necessary to stop the spread of the infection. Cytological screeners and pathologists may experience fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for syphilitic lymphadenitis; however, its characteristic cytological features are rarely reported. We present FNAC cytological features of syphilitic lymphadenitis in a case of a 21-year-old man. He presented with a sore throat and painful neck lymphadenopathy. His swollen and painful neck persisted even with antibiotic treatment. Necrotizing lymphadenitis and lymphoma were clinically suspected. FNAC was taken from the swollen lymph node. Cytologic findings of the specimen showed various inflammatory cells with small-sized vessels arranged in a branching/arborizing fashion. The vessels were surrounded by inflammatory cells, including plasma cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. Perivascular plasma cell cuffing was focally seen along with inconspicuous granulomas. Neutrophils appeared to involve the vascular wall. The cytological findings suggested syphilitic lymphadenitis, and clinical findings and serological tests confirmed primary syphilis with concomitant human immunodeficiency virus infection. Branching/arborizing vessels associated with many plasma cells, vascular involvement of neutrophils, and granulomas may suggest syphilitic infection if the specimen is obtained via FNAC. (189 words).

Substance Use Among Persons with Syphilis During Pregnancy - Arizona and Georgia, 2018-2021.

Despite universal prenatal syphilis screening recommendations and availability of effective antibiotic treatment, syphilis prevalence during pregnancy and the incidence of congenital syphilis have continued to increase in the United States (1,2). Concurrent increases in methamphetamine, injection drug, and heroin use have been described in women with syphilis (3). CDC used data on births that occurred during January 1, 2018-December 31, 2021, from two states (Arizona and Georgia) that participate in the Surveillance for Emerging Threats to Pregnant People and Infants Network (SET-NET) to describe the prevalence of substance use among pregnant persons with syphilis by congenital syphilis pregnancy outcome (defined as delivery of a stillborn or live-born infant meeting the surveillance case definition for probable or confirmed congenital syphilis). The prevalence of substance use (e.g., tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, illicit use of opioids, and other illicit, nonprescription substances) in persons with a congenital syphilis pregnancy outcome (48.1%) was nearly double that among those with a noncongenital syphilis pregnancy outcome (24.6%). Persons with a congenital syphilis pregnancy outcome were six times as likely to report illicit use of opioids and four times as likely to report using other illicit, nonprescription substances during pregnancy than were persons with a noncongenital syphilis pregnancy outcome. Approximately one half of persons who used substances during pregnancy and had a congenital syphilis pregnancy outcome had late or no prenatal care. Tailored interventions should address barriers and facilitators to accessing screening and treatment for syphilis among persons who use substances. The need for syphilis screening and treatment should be addressed at any health care encounter during pregnancy, especially among persons who use substances.

Sífilis mimetizando lúpus eritematoso sistêmico: um relato de caso / Syphilis mimicking systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report / Sífilis que simula lupus eritematoso sistémico: informe de un caso

O Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico (LES) é uma patologia crônica, de origem autoimune e inflamatória. As diversas manifestações clínicas existentes em pacientes acometidos pelo LES, sejam elas sistêmicas ou órgãos-alvo, possibilitam variados diagnósticos diferenciais. Dentre as manifestações clínicas que possibilitam estes diagnósticos está o acometimento cutâneo, com vasta variabilidade de apresentação. Da mesma forma, a sífilis também possui apresentação cutânea, tornando possível o diferencial de diagnóstico com outras patologias, inclusive o próprio LES. O presente estudo tem como objetivo relatar um caso de sífilis mimetizando lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, descrever o quadro clínico apresentado pelo paciente, bem como as ferramentas utilizadas para diagnóstico, e a posterior abordagem terapêutica. O caso relatado refere-se a um paciente de 29 anos, do sexo masculino, procedente de Campos Novos (SC), que apresentou um quadro clínico e laboratorial de lúpus-like induzido por uma infecção aguda de sífilis. A resolução completa de critérios inflamatórios de LES ocorreu após tratamento correto da doença infecciosa, com total melhora clínica e sorológica.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease. The various clinical manifestations in SLE patients, both systemic and in target organs, allow for various differential diagnoses. Among the clinical manifestations that aid in diagnosis are the cutaneous injuries, which have a wide range of presentations. Syphilis also has cutaneous manifestations, which aid in the differential diagnosis from other pathologies, including SLE. The present study aims to report a case of syphilis mimicking SLE, describe the clinical condition presented by the patient, the tools used for diagnosis, and the therapeutic approach. The case reported refers to a 29- year-old male patient from Campos Novos (SC), who showed a clinical and laboratory lupus-like condition induced by an acute syphilis infection. The full resolution of SLE inflammatory criteria occurred following appropriate treatment for the infectious disease, with complete clinical and serological improvement.

El lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad inflamatoria autoinmune crónica. Las diversas manifestaciones clínicas de los pacientes con LES, tanto sistémicas como en órganos diana, permiten realizar varios diagnósticos diferenciales. Entre las manifestaciones clínicas que ayudan al diagnóstico se encuentran las lesiones cutáneas, que tienen una amplia gama de presentaciones. La sífilis también tiene manifestaciones cutáneas, que ayudan al diagnóstico diferencial con otras patologías, incluido el LES. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo comunicar un caso de sífilis que simula un LES, describir el cuadro clínico presentado por la paciente, las herramientas utilizadas para el diagnóstico y el abordaje terapéutico. El caso relatado se refiere a un paciente masculino de 29 años, natural de Campos Novos (SC), que presentó un cuadro clínico y de laboratorio semejante al lupus, inducido por una infección aguda por sífilis. La resolución completa de los criterios inflamatorios del LES ocurrió tras el tratamiento adecuado de la enfermedad infecciosa, con mejoría clínica y serológica completa.

[Sexually transmitted diseases, STD]. / Sexuell übertragbare Erkrankungen.

Early detection and competent treatment of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is essential to maintain or restore the sexual health of those affected and to prevent further transmission. In this context, counselling on Sexually transmitted infections (STI) is of particular importance, both in terms of prevention and rapid diagnosis and treatment. STI are not rare in Germany: syphilis, gonococcal and chlamydial infections even occur with increasing frequency, especially among MSM. At-risk populations (MSM, sex workers, people from high-prevalence regions, partners of STI sufferers) should be offered STI screening. If an STI is present, those affected should also be actively screened for other STIs, and furthermore partners should also be examined for STIs and treated if necessary. Syphilis and other STIs also occur with completely unspecific symptoms. Even asymptomatic infections by gonococci, chlamydia, mycoplasma, HPV, HBV, HCV and HPV can lead to serious complications and late consequences. For STI (HIV, HBV, syphilis), highly effective post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is available in some cases.

Conhecimentos, percepções e itinerários terapêuticos de travestis e mulheres trans no cuidado a infecções sexualmente transmissíveis em Salvador, Brasil / Knowledge, perceptions and therapeutic itineraries of travestis and transgender woman in the care of sexually transmitted infections in Salvador, Brazil / Conocimientos, percepciones e rutas terapéuticas de travestis y mujeres trans en la atención de enfermedades de transmisión sexual en Salvador, Brasil

Resumo O artigo objetivou analisar conhecimentos, percepções, práticas de cuidado e Itinerrários Terapêuticos (IT) para o diagnóstico e tratamento das Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST), com destaque para sífilis, entre Travestis e Mulheres Trans (TrMT) em Salvador, Brasil. Foram realizados 05 grupos focais e 06 entrevistas semiestruturadas com 30 TrMT. Os achados apontam amplo desconhecimento e percepções contraditórias sobre as IST, especialmente a sífilis; identificação de duas importantes trajetórias de cuidado às IST e o destaque para IT marcados por estigmas e discriminação nos serviços de saúde. Sugere-se a ampliação das ações de saúde para essa população reconhecendo suas necessidades e a construção de novas estratégias de prevenção e tratamento para IST, dialogadas com as TrMT, e garantia de autonomia, ética e sigilo na produção do cuidado.

Abstract The article aimed to analyze knowledge, perceptions, care practices and Therapeutic Itineraries (TI) for the diagnosis and treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD), with emphasis on syphilis, among travesti and transgender women (TGW) in Salvador, Brazil. 05 focus groups and 06 semi-structured interviews with travesti/TGW were carried out with a total of 30 participants. The findings point to a wide lack of knowledge and contradictory perceptions about STD, especially syphilis; identification of two important trajectories of care for STD and the emphasis on TI marked by stigma and discrimination in health services. The expansion of health actions for this population is suggested, recognizing their needs and the construction of new prevention and treatment strategies for STD, in dialogue with the travesti/TGW, and guaranteeing autonomy, ethics and confidentiality in the production of care.

Resumen El artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar conocimientos, percepciones, prácticas de atención y Rutas Terapêuticas (RT) para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual (ETS), con énfasis en la sífilis, entre las travestidas y mujeres trans (TrMT) en Salvador, Brasil. Se realizaron 05 grupos focales y 06 entrevistas semiestructuradas con 30 TrMT. Los hallazgos apuntan a una amplia falta de conocimiento y percepciones contradictorias sobre las ETS, especialmente la sífilis; identificación de dos importantes trayectorias de atención a las ETS y el énfasis en las RT marcadas por el estigma y la discriminación en los servicios de salud. Se sugiere ampliar las acciones de salud para esta población, reconociendo sus necesidades y la construcción de nuevas estrategias de prevención y tratamiento de las ETS, en diálogo con el TrMT, y garantizando la autonomía, ética y confidencialidad en la producción de cuidados.

Organización de los Servicios de Salud en Portugal a Principios del Siglo XX: el Caso de la Sífilis / Organization of the Health Services in Portugal in the Beginning of the 20th Century: The Syphilis’s Case

La lucha contra las enfermedades venéreas como la sífilis se viene dando desde el siglo XVI, desarrollándose significativamente en el siglo XIX, especialmente tras el armisticio de 1918. El gran impacto social sobre todo debido a las malformaciones que causaba la sífilis congénita, poco tiempo después de terminar la primera guerra mundial fue creada la Unión Internacional Contra el Peligro Venéreo [Fragmento de texto] (AU)

Risk factors of in-stent restenosis among coronary artery disease patients with syphilis undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: The risk factors of in-stent restenosis (ISR) among coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with syphilis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are not fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate not only the risk factors of ISR among CAD patients with syphilis after performing PCI, but also the population attributable risk percentage (PAR%), which is used to quantify the proportion of ISR that could be eliminated if particular risk factors are not present. METHODS: Evaluation of the prevalence, risk factors, and their PAR% for ISR among CAD patients with syphilis undergoing PCI was conducted retrospectively at Beijing Ditan Hospital. CAD patients with syphilis underwent PCI from August 2010 to August 2019 and received a diagnosis, coronary angiography, PCI, and periodical follow-up. The clinical, laboratory, and imaging data were reviewed and summarised anonymously from electronic medical records. The chi-square or Fisher exact test was used in data analysis. RESULTS: Among 114 CAD patients with syphilis undergoing PCI, ISR occurred in 18 patients (15.78%). The multivariate Cox regression model indicated that average stent length ≥ 35 mm (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 4.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30-15.44, p = 0.018) and titres of the toluidine red unheated serum test (TRUST) > 1:16 (adjusted HR = 3.72, 95% CI = 1.22-11.36, p = 0.021) were associated with an increased risk of ISR, while successful antisyphilitic treatment (adjusted HR = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.02-0.95, p = 0.045) was protective predictor of ISR among these patients. The PAR% values of particular risk factors associated with ISR including average stent length ≥ 35 mm, titres of TRUST > 1:16, and successful antisyphilitic treatment were 12.2%, 24.0%, and -39.6%, respectively, among these patients. CONCLUSIONS: Preventing the occurrence of ISR among CAD patients with syphilis undergoing PCI requires clinical intervention. Our results indicated that carefully evaluating the length of the vessel lesion to determine whether the stent length is < 35 mm, prioritising the clinical intervention for titres of TRUST > 1:16, and providing successful antisyphilitic treatment could reduce the risk of ISR occurrence.

Cognitive impairment in syphilis: Does treatment based on cerebrospinal fluid analysis improve outcome?

BACKGROUND: Individuals with previous syphilis may experience cognitive impairment. The goal of this study was to determine if those at high risk for laboratory-defined neurosyphilis are cognitively impaired, and whether treatment based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings results in better outcomes. METHODS: Participants had a new syphilis diagnosis, serum RPR titer ≥ 1:32 or peripheral blood CD4+ T cells ≤ 350/ul (in persons living with HIV) and did not endorse neurological symptoms. They underwent computerized cognitive assessment with the CogState. Thirty-two were randomized to either undergo lumbar puncture (LP) or to not undergo LP and 14 underwent LP; 64 were not randomized and 48 opted to undergo LP. RESULTS: Demographics, cognitive complaints and cognitive impairment did not differ between randomized and nonrandomized participants. Two-thirds were cognitively impaired, and impairment was not more common in those with cognitive complaints. The adjusted odds of increased severity of impairment were 3.8 times greater in those with CSF pleocytosis compared to those without. Time to cognitive normalization, improvement or decline did not differ between those who did not undergo LP and those who underwent LP and whose treatment was based on CSF analysis. Taking into account pre-treatment cognitive impairment, the risk of cognitive decline was lower in those with CSF pleocytosis treated for neurosyphilis compared to those without CSF pleocytosis not treated for neurosyphilis, (HR 0.24 (95% CI 0.07-0.88], p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: In individuals at high risk for laboratory-defined neurosyphilis, cognitive complaints are not a good indicator of cognitive impairment. Severity of cognitive impairment was greater in those with CSF pleocytosis. Identification and treatment of those with neurosyphilis may mitigate subsequent cognitive decline.

Projeto terapêutico singular de uma gestante com sífilis: um relato de experiência / Singular therapeutic project for a pregnant woman with syphilis: an experience report / Proyecto terapéutico singular de una embarazada con sífilis: un informe de experiencia

Objetivo: relatar a experiência vivenciada por acadêmicos de Enfermagem frente à implementação do Projeto Terapêutico Singular de uma gestante com sífilis. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência. Relata-se a experiência vivenciada por acadêmicos de Enfermagem durante o estágio supervisionado na Estratégia Saúde da Família frente à implementação do Projeto Terapêutico Singular a uma gestante com diagnóstico de sífilis e exposta a outras vulnerabilidades. Resultados: alcançaram-se, dentre as principais metas do projeto terapêutico, detecção e tratamento de sífilis na gestante; realização da laqueadura pós-parto; aproximação da família para com a assistência ofertada pela equipe da unidade básica de saúde e, como situação limite, tentativas frustradas de relacionamento terapêutico junto ao genitor para diagnóstico e início do tratamento de sífilis, pois se apresentou alto nível de resistência aos profissionais. Obteve-se, apesar dos avanços, como um dos desfechos, a identificação de sífilis congênita no recém-nascido. Conclusão: possibilitaram-se reflexões e avanços ao universo científico da prática dos acadêmicos de Enfermagem e do profissional da Enfermagem, tendo o PTS como interface, construindo um novo pensar sobre a formação do enfermeiro, além de promover uma assistência integral e equânime à gestante e ao seu contexto.(AU)

Objective: to report the experience of nursing students in the implementation of the Single Therapeutic Project for a pregnant woman with syphilis. Method: This is a descriptive study, experience report type. It reports the experience of nursing students during their supervised internship in the Family Health Strategy regarding the implementation of the Single Therapeutic Project for a pregnant woman diagnosed with syphilis and exposed to other vulnerabilities. Results: were achieved, among the main goals of the therapeutic project, detection and treatment of syphilis in pregnant women; achievement of postpartum sterilization; approximation of the family to the assistance offered by the basic health unit team and, as a limit situation, frustrated attempts of therapeutic relationship with the genitor for diagnosis and initiation of treatment of syphilis, because there was a high level of resistance to professionals. Despite the advances, one of the outcomes was the identification of congenital syphilis in the newborn. Conclusion: reflections and advances to the scientific universe of the practice of nursing students and nursing professionals were made possible, having the STP as an interface, building a new thinking about the formation of nurses, in addition to promoting a comprehensive and equitable care to pregnant women and their contexto.(AU)

Objetivo: reportar la experiencia vivida por estudiantes de enfermería en la implementación del Proyecto Terapéutico Singular de una gestante con sífilis. Método: se trata de un estudio descriptivo, tipo de relato de experiencia. Se reporta la experiencia vivida por estudiantes de enfermería durante la pasantía supervisada en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia respecto a la implementación del Proyecto Terapéutico Singular a una gestante diagnosticada con sífilis y expuesta a otras vulnerabilidades. Resultados: entre los principales objetivos del proyecto terapéutico, se logró la detección y tratamiento de la sífilis en gestantes; realización de ligadura de trompas posparto; acercamiento de la familia a la asistencia brindada por el equipo de la unidad básica de salud y, como situación límite, intentos fallidos de relación terapéutica con el progenitor para el diagnóstico e inicio del tratamiento de la sífilis, al existir un alto nivel de resistencia a los profesionales. A pesar de los avances, uno de los resultados fue la identificación de la sífilis congénita en el recién nacido. Conclusión: se posibilitaron reflexiones y avances al universo científico de la práctica de estudiantes de Enfermería y profesionales de Enfermería, teniendo como interfaz al PTS, construyendo un nuevo pensamiento sobre la formación del enfermero, además de promover la atención integral y equitativa a la gestante y a su contexto.(AU)

Improvement of quality of care for gestational syphilis in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of a multifaceted intervention in the care of pregnant women with syphilis in primary health care. METHODS: This is a quality improvement project performed in 26 basic care units in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, between January and December 2017. It has a quasi-experimental mixed design, with previous, later and time series analyses. We evaluated the care provided to all pregnant women with syphilis whose prenatal care that ended during the studied period, using ten quality criteria and one indicator. The intervention was multifaceted, covering permanent education, improvement of records and information systems, audit and feedback, patient education, organizational changes and work processes. We estimated absolute and relative improvements of the criteria and their statistical significance (α = 5%). The facilitators and hinders of the intervention were analyzed according to the Model for Understanding Success in Quality. RESULTS: After the intervention, there was a total absolute improvement of 6.7% (64.4% versus 71.0%) and relative of 28.8% (p > 0.05). Eight of the ten quality criteria had an improvement, which was significant in four of them (p < 0.05). The monthly indicator of adequate treatment also improved (p < 0.05), but maintained low performance throughout the project. The increase in the compliance of the treatment scheme with the protocol (91.4% versus 99.1%) positively stood out, but the main opportunities for improvement were testing (42.8% versus 48.5%) and treatment of sexual partnerships (42.8% versus 44.2%). Regulatory pressures to improve the monthly indicator and the political-economic crisis experienced by the municipality modulated the effect of the intervention. CONCLUSION: The project was useful to identify priorities and guide interventions to improve the quality of care for syphilis, although there is still ample room for improvement. The identified problems, as well as the contextual modulators of the effect, should be considered in future interventions.

Missed opportunities in treating pregnant women's sexual partners with syphilis: a systematic review / Oportunidades perdidas no tratamento de parceiros sexuais de gestantes com sífilis: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Objectives: to compile studies in the literature that deal with missed opportunities related in treating pregnant women's partners with syphilis Methods: this is a systematic review from SciELO, PUBMED, Lilacs and BVS databases, using articles published between 2008 and 2018. The research was carried out between April and August 2019 and followed PRISMA guideline recommendation Results: 56,686 titles were identified and 53 were extracted in which addressed aspects related intreating pregnant women's partners with syphilis. Most studies were National, representing 60.7% of the researched articles. 51% of them used the Sistemas de Informação de Agravos Notificados (SINAN) (Notified Diseases Information System) as a database, followed by the use of Questionnaires / Interviews (33.9%) and consulted patients' files (15.1%). The factors most associated with the non-treatment of the pregnant women's partners with syphilis were: structuring /quality in the services from the aspect related to failures in prenatal care, characteristics of pregnant women that interfere in their treatment and aspects related to the cultural particularities that involvemen's healthcare. Conclusion: in all continents, the main aspect related to failures in the treatment of the partners/pregnant women with syphilis is associated with low quality in prenatal care.

Resumo Objetivos: compilar estudos na literatura que tratem de oportunidades perdidas relacionadas ao tratamento dos parceiros de gestantes com sífilis. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão sistemática nas bases de dados SciELO, PUBMED, Lilacs e BVS, utilizando artigos publicados entre 2008 a 2018. A pesquisa foi realizada entre os meses de abril a agosto 2019 e a busca aos artigos seguiu a recomendação da diretriz PRISMA. Resultados: foram identificados 56.686 títulos e extraídos 53 que abordavam aspectos relacionados ao tratamento dos parceiros de gestantes com sífilis. A maioria dos estudos foi nacional representando 60,7% dos artigos pesquisados. 51% utilizaram como base de dados os Sistemas de Informação de Agravos Notificados (SINAN), seguido da utilização de Questionários/Entrevista (33,9%) e consulta aos prontuários de pacientes (15,1%). Os fatores mais associados ao não tratamento dos parceiros de gestantes com sífilis foram: estruturação/qualidade dos serviços sob o aspecto relacionado a falhas na assistência prénatal, características das gestantes que interferem no tratamento dos mesmos e aos aspectos ligados as particularidades culturais que envolvem a assistência à saúde do homem. Conclusão: em todos os continentes o principal aspecto relacionado às falhas no tratamento dos parceiros/ gestantes com sífilis esteve associado a baixa qualidade da assistência pré-natal

Neurología. El día que Nietzsche lloró (2007). Friedrich Nietzsche: Una aproximación cinematográfica / Neurology. When Nietzsche Wept (2007). Friedrich Nietzsche: A cinematographic approach

El doctor vienés Josef Breuer se reúne con el filósofo Friedrich Nietzsche para ayudarle a superar su desesperanza

[Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: epidemiological surveillance]. / Protocolo Brasileiro para Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis 2020: vigilância epidemiológica.

This article summarizes the chapter on epidemiological surveillance of sexually transmitted infections (STI) that forms part of the Clinical Protocol and Treatment Guidelines (PDCT) for Comprehensive Care for People with STI 2020), published by the Health Surveillance Secretariat of the Ministry of Health of Brazil. It presents some reflections on the new case definitions for surveillance of acquired syphilis, syphilis in pregnant women and congenital syphilis. The PCDT-IST 2020 was developed based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with specialists. Epidemiological and clinical aspects are addressed, as well as guidelines for health service managers regarding programmatic and operational management of these diseases, guidelines for health professionals on screening, diagnosing and treating people with STIs and their sex partners, in addition to strategies for surveillance, prevention and control actions.

O artigo sintetiza o capítulo sobre vigilância epidemiológica das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST), que compõe o Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas (PDCT) para Atenção Integral às Pessoas com IST 2020, publicado pela Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. São apresentadas algumas reflexões sobre as novas definições de caso, para vigilância da sífilis adquirida, sífilis em gestantes e sífilis congênita. O PCDT-IST 2020 foi elaborado com base em evidências científicas e validado em discussões com especialistas. Também são abordados aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos, bem como orientações para gestores no manejo programático e operacional desses agravos, e para profissionais de saúde na triagem, diagnóstico e tratamento das pessoas com IST e suas parcerias sexuais, além de estratégias de ação para a vigilância, prevenção e controle.

El artículo resume el capítulo sobre Vigilancia Epidemiológica de las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (ITS) que compone el Protocolo Clínico y Directrices Terapéuticas para Atención Integral a las Personas con Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual 2020 (PCDT-ITS 2020), publicado por la Secretaría de Vigilancia Sanitaria del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil y presenta algunas reflexiones sobre las nuevas definiciones de casos de la vigilancia de sífilis adquirida, sífilis en gestantes y sífilis congénita. El PCDT-ITS 2020 fue elaborado en base a la evidencia científica y validado en discusiones con especialistas. En este artículo, se presentan aspectos epidemiológicos y clínicos, así como pautas para los gerentes en el manejo programático y operativo de estas enfermedades, a los profesionales de la salud en la detección, diagnóstico y tratamiento de personas con ITS y sus parejas sexuales, además de estrategias para acciones de vigilancia, prevención y control.

ACUTE SYPHILITIC POSTERIOR PLACOID CHORIORETINITIS: MULTIMODAL IMAGING AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC FINDINGS BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT.

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical course of acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis (ASPPC) in the preplacoid stage, placoid stage, and after treatment with penicillin. METHOD: A retrospective case report of serial multimodal imaging and electrophysiology studies of a patient with ASPPC, with 18 months of follow-up. RESULTS: A 47-year-old man presented with bilateral panuveitis. The patient defaulted follow-up and returned when his vision deteriorated. Tests for neurosyphilis and retroviral disease were positive, and treatment was initiated. The earliest change on serial optical coherence tomography was loss of the signal from the reflective band corresponding to the ellipsoid zone. In the placoid stage, there was nodular thickening of the retinal pigment epithelium. The ellipsoid zone signals reappeared after treatment. Fundus fluorescein angiogram at presentation showed peripapillary vasculitis and disk leakage; indocyanine green angiography revealed multiple hypofluorescent spots in the peripapillary region and posterior pole that was not visible clinically. The angiographic abnormalities resolved after treatment. Electrophysiology demonstrated bilateral maculopathy and reduction of both a- and b-waves from dark-adapted and light-adapted responses at presentation. The b-waves (inner retina) recovered partially with treatment. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of the multimodal imaging and electrophysiology findings in a patient with acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis, before the development of the classic placoid lesion. Improvement of structural and functional pathology after systemic treatment is demonstrated.

Incidence and associated predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes of maternal syphilis in China, 2016-19: a Cox regression analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the incidence and associated predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) among pregnant women infected with syphilis. DESIGN: Cox regression analysis. SETTING: China. POPULATION OR SAMPLE: Pregnant women who were tested for and diagnosed with syphilis during the index pregnancy and delivered at a gestational age ≥28 weeks between 2016 and 2019. METHODS: Data were extracted from China's Information System of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Syphilis Management. Descriptive analysis provided profiles and pregnancy outcomes of maternal syphilis, as well as the incidence of APOs. Log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate factors influencing APOs in infected mothers with singleton births. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The incidence of APOs and the hazard ratios of associated predictors using Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: Syphilis treatment data were available from 83.86% of diagnosed women. Including deliveries from the total study population, 13.33% experienced APOs. Cox regression indicated that APOs were more likely in women tested and diagnosed in the late trimester, at delivery or postpartum. Women who accepted non-standardised treatment and who received standardised treatment had less risk of APOs. CONCLUSIONS: China has made huge progress over the last decades in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of syphilis, but the incidence of APOs among pregnant women infected with syphilis remains high. It is essential to further strengthen access to early detection and standardised treatment of infected women to reduce the risk of APOs. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Access to early detection and standardised treatment reduces the risk of APOs due to maternal syphilis.

Protocolo Brasileiro para Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis 2020: abordagem às pessoas com vida sexual ativa / Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: approaching sexually active individuals / Protocolo Brasileño para Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual 2020: enfoque en las personas con vida sexual activa

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar conceitos e práticas clínicas recomendados para a abordagem da pessoa com vida sexual ativa. Esses conceitos são parte integrante das recomendações do Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas para Atenção Integral às Pessoas com Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST) publicado pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil em 2020. O artigo propõe uma abordagem abrangente da sexualidade para promoção da saúde e apresenta aspectos importantes do processo de comunicação, que deve ocorrer de forma clara, sem preconceitos ou juízos de valor, com foco na saúde sexual e reprodutiva. Destacam-se pontos relevantes acerca do exercício da sexualidade em fases específicas da vida, recomendando avaliação dos riscos e vulnerabilidades, bem como o rastreamento de IST e o uso de preservativos. Dessa maneira, é possível contribuir para que as pessoas possam exercer sua sexualidade de forma plena, responsável e segura.

This article aims to present concepts and clinical practices recommended to approach people with an active sex life. These concepts are an integral part of the recommendations of the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI), published by the Ministry of Health of Brazil in 2020.The article proposes a comprehensive approach to sexuality for health promotion and presents important aspects of the communication process that must develop clearly, without prejudice and judgment, with a focus on sexual and reproductive health. It also highlights relevant points about the exercise of sexuality at specific stages of life, recommending assessment of risks and vulnerabilities, as well as screening for STI and condom use. In this way, it is possible to contribute so that people can exercise their sexuality fully, responsibly and safely.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar los conceptos y las prácticas clínicas recomendados para un abordaje de la persona con una vida sexual activa. Estos conceptos son parte de las recomendaciones contenidas en el Protocolo Clínico y Directrices Terapéuticas para la Atención Integral a Personas con Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (ITS), publicado por el Ministerio de Salud de Brasil en 2020. El artículo propone un abordaje amplio de la sexualidad para la promoción de la salud. Presenta aspectos importantes del proceso de comunicación, que debe ocurrir con claridad, sin prejuicios y juicios de valor, con un enfoque en la salud sexual y reproductiva. Destaca puntos relevantes sobre el ejercicio de la sexualidad en etapas específicas de la vida, recomendando evaluación de riesgos y vulnerabilidades, así como el rastreo de ITS y el uso de preservativos. De esta forma, es posible contribuir para que las personas puedan ejercer su sexualidad de manera plena, responsable y segura.

Protocolo Brasileiro para Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis 2020: infecções que causam úlcera genital / Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: infections that cause genital ulcers / Protocolo Brasileño para Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual 2020: infecciones que causan úlcera genital

As infecções que causam úlcera genital são um dos temas que compõem o Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas para Atenção Integral às Pessoas com Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis, publicado pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil em 2020. Tal documento foi elaborado com base em evidências científicas e validado em discussões com especialistas. Este artigo aborda a síndrome clínica de úlcera genital causada por infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e seus agentes etiológicos mais comuns: Treponema pallidum (sífilis), vírus herpes simples 2 (herpes genital) e vírus herpes simples 1 (herpes perioral), Haemophilus ducreyi (cancroide), Chlamydia trachomatis sorotipos L1, L2 e L3 (linfogranuloma venéreo) e Klebsiella granulomatis (donovanose). São apresentados aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos dessas infecções, bem como orientações para seu diagnóstico e tratamento, além de estratégias para as ações de vigilância, prevenção e controle, com a finalidade de subsidiar gestores e profissionais de saúde na qualificação da assistência.

Infections that cause genital ulcers are one of the themes comprising the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. The Protocol and Guidelines have been developed based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with specialists. This article addresses clinical genital ulcer syndrome caused by sexually transmitted infections, and its most common etiological agents: Treponema pallidum (syphilis), herpes simplex virus-2 (genital herpes) and herpes simplex virus-1 (perioral herpes), Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid), Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes L1, L2 and L3 (venereal lymphogranuloma), and Klebsiella granulomatis (donovanosis). Epidemiological and clinical aspects of these infections are presented, as well as guidelines for their diagnosis and treatment, in addition to strategies for surveillance, prevention and control actions, with the purpose of supporting health managers and professionals in the qualification of care.

El tema de las infecciones que causan úlcera genital hace parte del Protocolo Clínico y Directrices Terapéuticas para Atención Integral a las Personas con Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual, publicado por el Ministerio de Salud de Brasil en 2020. Dicho documento fue elaborado con base en evidencias científicas y validado en discusiones con especialistas. Este artículo trata del síndrome de úlcera genital clínica provocada por infecciones de transmisión sexual, con sus agentes etiológicos más comunes: Treponema pallidum (sífilis), virus del herpes simple-1 (herpes genital) y virus del herpes simple-2 (herpes perioral), Haemophilus ducreyi (chancro blando), Chlamydia trachomatis, serotipos L1, L2 y L3 (linfogranuloma venéreo), y Klebsiella granulomatis (donovanosis). Se presentan aspectos epidemiológicos y clínicos de esas infecciones, bien como pautas para su diagnóstico y tratamiento, además de estrategias para acciones de monitoreo epidemiológico, prevención y control, a fin de contribuir con gestores y personal de salud en la cualificación de la asistencia.

Protocolo Brasileiro para Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis 2020: vigilância epidemiológica / Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: epidemiological surveillance / Protocolo Brasileño para Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual 2020: vigilancia epidemiológica

Resumo O artigo sintetiza o capítulo sobre vigilância epidemiológica das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST), que compõe o Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas (PDCT) para Atenção Integral às Pessoas com IST 2020, publicado pela Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. São apresentadas algumas reflexões sobre as novas definições de caso, para vigilância da sífilis adquirida, sífilis em gestantes e sífilis congênita. O PCDT-IST 2020 foi elaborado com base em evidências científicas e validado em discussões com especialistas. Também são abordados aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos, bem como orientações para gestores no manejo programático e operacional desses agravos, e para profissionais de saúde na triagem, diagnóstico e tratamento das pessoas com IST e suas parcerias sexuais, além de estratégias de ação para a vigilância, prevenção e controle.

Abstract This article summarizes the chapter on epidemiological surveillance of sexually transmitted infections (STI) that forms part of the Clinical Protocol and Treatment Guidelines (PDCT) for Comprehensive Care for People with STI 2020), published by the Health Surveillance Secretariat of the Ministry of Health of Brazil. It presents some reflections on the new case definitions for surveillance of acquired syphilis, syphilis in pregnant women and congenital syphilis. The PCDT-IST 2020 was developed based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with specialists. Epidemiological and clinical aspects are addressed, as well as guidelines for health service managers regarding programmatic and operational management of these diseases, guidelines for health professionals on screening, diagnosing and treating people with STIs and their sex partners, in addition to strategies for surveillance, prevention and control actions.

Resumen El artículo resume el capítulo sobre Vigilancia Epidemiológica de las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (ITS) que compone el Protocolo Clínico y Directrices Terapéuticas para Atención Integral a las Personas con Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual 2020 (PCDT-ITS 2020), publicado por la Secretaría de Vigilancia Sanitaria del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil y presenta algunas reflexiones sobre las nuevas definiciones de casos de la vigilancia de sífilis adquirida, sífilis en gestantes y sífilis congénita. El PCDT-ITS 2020 fue elaborado en base a la evidencia científica y validado en discusiones con especialistas. En este artículo, se presentan aspectos epidemiológicos y clínicos, así como pautas para los gerentes en el manejo programático y operativo de estas enfermedades, a los profesionales de la salud en la detección, diagnóstico y tratamiento de personas con ITS y sus parejas sexuales, además de estrategias para acciones de vigilancia, prevención y control.